His flatters instigated him against his minister Sandhimati. Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? During his reign, the Mlechchhas (possibly, According to historical evidence, Mihirakula's predecessor was. Rajatarangini (Sanskrit: Waterway of Kings) recorded a narrative of early India reasonably viewed as awesome and the best work. Who translated Mahabharata and Rajatarangini into Persian? Kalhana says that Samdhimat Aryaraja used to spend the most delightful Kashmir summer in worshiping a lingam formed of snow/ice in the regions above the forests (II.138). The Shah Mir dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the region of Kashmir in the Indian subcontinent. Some of the architectural projects commissioned by the dynasty in Kashmir include: Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar. In style the Rajatarangini narrative is sometimes considered as versified prose on a massive scale, yet its strong structural appeal made it a model for later historians. The Karkota line came to a close with the usurpation of the throne by Avantivarman, who started the Utpala dynasty in 855. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Kalhana's work uses Kali and Laukika (or Saptarishi) calendar eras: the ascension year in CE, as given below, has been calculated by Dutt based on Kalhana's records. Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. Suvrata's poem, though it has obtained celebrity, does not show dexterity in the exposition of the subject-matter, as it is rendered troublesome [reading] by misplaced learning.
After that, the English translation. His admittance to minute subtleties of contemporary court interests was practically immediate: his dad and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. Taking action accordingly, regardless of initiating Kalhana an extraordinary student of history, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar2 discussed his exceptionally faulty strategy comprising in consideration of legendary or amazing lords, an ignorant religiosity in the Epics and Puranas (antiquated Indian kinds portraying the previous), confidence in black magic and sorcery, clarification of occasions as because of the impact of destiny instead of to any normal reason, an overall instructional propensity roused by Hindu perspectives on karma, and simple showcase of poetical and logical expertise. Romila Thapar additionally excused Kalhanas moralism and teaching. Sanskrit is a Indo-Aryan part of the Indo-European dialects. Haksar captured the mystique of Indias coordinates in this couplet: Suvrata's poem, though it has obtained celebrity, does not show dexterity in the exposition of the subject-matter, as it is rendered troublesome [reading] by misplaced learning. Subscriber Only Stories View All Buy 2-year plan with SD20 code for special price This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Postmodernism is the literary period, the beat generation aligned with. Eventually a Pratapaditya, a relative of Vikrmaditya (not the Shakari) became king (II.6). [28] He was defeated by Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin at Thanna with the help of Jasrath Khokhar, a chieftain from Pothohar Plateau. Although the earlier books are inaccurate in their chronology, they still provide an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and are widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers. [15], He was the only Shah Mir ruler to keep Hindu courtiers in his court. He devoted his time to sensual pleasures, and neglected royal duties. He allowed the Hindus to build their temples and follow the personal law according to the Dharmashastras. Hence the correct answer is Option B. Next Sultan of Kashmir was Haji Khan, who succeeded his father Zain-ul-Abidin and took the title of Haidar Khan.[30]. The version was entitled Behr-ul-Asmar, (or the sea of tales). [12] These kings ruled Kashmir for 192years. Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. Ruled with his mother Didda as regent, aided by the minister Naravahana. Among the renowned translations of the work in later years were those by Aurel Stein in 1900 and by Ranjit S. Pandit in 1935, the latter with a Foreword by Jawaharlal Nehru. This page was last modified on 1 January 2016, at 03:52. [dubious discuss] In fact, his translator Aurel Stein expressed the view that his was the only true Sanskrit history. Unreliable Sources - The chronicles include those of Tahir, Haidar Malik, Rafiu'd Din Ahmad and Muhammad A'azam. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. (Stay up to date on new book releases, reviews, and more with The Hindu On Books newsletter. Kavya as a genre has had a prominent place in traditional Malayalam poetics, so the austere aesthetics of Kalhanas work will strike a chord with readers, particularly those with a yen for that stimulating mixture of Sanskrit and Malayalam of yore, termed Manipravala. Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Report Error
His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continu Answer. Was this answer helpful? elsewhere. Who wrote the Rajatarangini class 4th English? Among other things that fall within its wide sweep, the work contains references not only to such things as the countrys episodic encounters with China across the border, but also to the depredations of Mahmud Ghazni in Kashmirs neighbourhood around 1013 that portended the eventual Islamic conquest of Kashmir, the land variously heirs to the spiritual heritage of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain faiths. The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. The real power lay in the hands of a noble named Gargachandra. Ascended the throne after her death, beginning, Abdicated the throne in favour of his son, but retained power through his minister Haladhara, Rebelled against his parents, leading to the suicide of his father Ananta, followed by, Second son of Kalasha. He lies buried in the Gorstan e Shahi in Srinagar. Kalhana was excellently equipped for the work. In our own time, the Kashmiri Sanskrit scholar and former diplomat A.N.D.
in Persian - Gilaki-Persian Dictionary | Glosbe After a young son of Yashaskara, Pravaragupta, a Divira (clerk), became king. Rajatarangini, paintings of Kalhana written by a 12th ce Answer. Kalhana's account closes in the 22nd year of his reign. The only significance of his rule is that the Sufi saint Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani arrived at Kashmir in his reign. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Abul Fazl translated into Persian many outstanding Sanskrit works, such as, the. According to Jogesh Chander Dutt's calculation, this year corresponds to 2448 BCE. For example, Kalhana has highly exaggerated the military conquests of Lalitaditya Muktapida.[18][19]. Little is known about the author Kalhana (c. 12th century CE), apart from what is written in the book. rajatarangini of kalhana vol iv - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini of kalhana vol ii - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini - shri ramtej shastri pandey_part3. The first translation of a portion of the Rajatarangini was carried out in Persian, at the behest of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1421-1472) A.D of Kashmir. He assigned the work to a few officials to translate the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language, the literary language of the Mughal court. The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. Answer. In later years of his reign, he started patronizing unwise persons, and the wise courtiers deserted him. a 12th century CE writer can be a piece essential in understanding the historical backdrop of Kashmir. Waged a war against the Tantrins with help of their rivals (known as Ekanga), but was defeated and killed. He was adopted as a son by his maternal grandfather, and assumed the title Pratapaditya after the title of the grandfather's dynasty. Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. The Hindu Centre for Politics and Public Policy, Supreme Court forms expert panel to probe any regulatory failure on Adani issue, India makes renewed push for consensus at G20 Foreign Ministers meeting, Hindenburg Research report on Adani Group | Supreme Court verdict on expert committee on March 2, High debt on Vedanta books puts investors on tenterhooks, Employees Provident Fund: How to activate UAN online, 1947: Madras Devadasis (Prevention of Dedication) Act passed, RMA 0-1 FCB, El Clasico highlights: Barcelona leads on aggregate after beating Real Madrid courtesy of a Militao own goal. Book III starts with an account of the reign of Meghavahana of the restored line of Gonanda and refers to the brief reign of Matrigupta, a supposed contemporary of Vikramaditya Harsha of Malwa. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. Rajatarangini was composed by Kalhana, scion of a noble family of Kashmir. Subsequent English translations of Kalhana's Rajatarangini include: Several books containing legendary stories from Rajatarangini have been compiled by various authors. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Sanskrit: This period produced greater works in Sanskrit rather than the previous periods.
[6], The Gonanda dynasty ruled Kashmir for 1002 years. Kalhana states that the valley of Kashmir was formerly a lake. No examples found, consider adding one please. Historian A. Q. Rafiqi states that some Persian chronicles of Kashmir describe Shah Mir as a descendant of the rulers of Swat. Let us know more about Rajatarangini. Like the Shahnameh is to Persia, the Rajatarangini is to Kashmir. Jonaraja in his Dvitiya Rajatara? Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Does adding salt to water increase conductivity? He filled his court with, Shreshtasena (Pravarasena I / Tungjina II), According to Kalhana, the emperor Vikramditya (alias Harsha) of, Younger brother of Vikramaditya.
In 1380 C.E. It is a Sanskrit file of the diverse look of Islam. This Vikramaditya is not same as the, Shared the administration with his queen. Raman Menons translation bears the signature of his scholarly skills, derived from mastery of both Sanskrit and Malayalam. In 1343 CE, Sultan Jamshid suffered a defeat by his brother who ascended the throne as Sultan Alau'd-Din in 1347 CE. Uchchala's step-brother; became the king after Radda's death. for this article.
He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language.
Rajatarangini | Sanskrit, Chronicle, Meaning, & Facts | Britannica Son of Ajitapida. Translations. After a young son of Yashaskara, Pravaragupta, a Divira (clerk), became king. After this battle, the regions of Ladakh and Baltistan which were under the rule of Kashgar came under the rule of Shah Miris.Sultan also marched towards Delhi and the army of Feroz Shah Tughlaq opposed him at the banks of River Satluj. Answer: A) Abdul Fazi. [18] Waqfs were endowed to shrines, mosques were commissioned, numerous Sufi preachers were provided with jagirs and installed in positions of authority, and feasts were regularly held. [Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis 7], SlajeWalter", "The COININDIA Coin Galleries: Sultans of Kashmir", Baharistan-i-Shahi: A Chronicle of Mediaeval Kashmir, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shah_Mir_dynasty&oldid=1141211558, Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 23:00. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Early Medieval Kashmir Coinage A New Hoard and An Anomaly", Rajatarangini: The Saga of The Kings of Kasmir, Rajatarangini and the Making of India's Past, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajatarangini&oldid=1121892347, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Killed in a battle with by Krishna's friends. Like the Shahnameh is to Persia, the Rajatarangini is to Kashmir. it was brilliantly prepared for the work. It has multiple dimensions, such as the aureole of antiquity, the grandeur of epic, the cachet of Sanskritic literary canons, the singular distinction as an ancient Indian historical chronicle and the uniqueness that it embodies as representation of a vital part of Indian selfhood. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. Get answers to the most common queries related to the Railway Examination Preparation. Has data issue: true The Tusharas did not give a fight but fled to the mountain ranges leaving their horses in the battle field. The book has a magisterial Foreword by Puthezhath Raman Menon, a considerable figure in Malayalam literature and a contemporary of the translator. For 56 years, The Journal of Asian Studies has been [5] According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha Examples translated by humans: MyMemory, World's Largest Translation Memory. The Hindi translation of Pandeya Ram Tej is another well-acclaimed book. [27], He was the seventh ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty, and reigned between 1413 and 1420. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Rajatharangini promises to arouse a great deal of interest among readers. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. According to Kalhana, this king "did not speak the language of the gods but used vulgar speech fit for drunkards, showed that he was descended from a family of spirit-distillers" (Stein's translation). It is a very good painting of the beyond with splendid recorded understanding. (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. Several coins of a king named Toramana have been found in the Kashmir region. He was deposed by rebellious ministers, and granted asylum by a neighboring king. He abdicated the throne, and a became a hermit to seek peace. The kings of Kashmir described in the Rjatarangi can be roughly grouped into dynasties as in the table below. Abu 'l-Fadl Allami, Nizam al-Din and Firishta also state that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonaraja's Rajatarangini, which Mulla Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni translated into Persian at Akbar's orders. He was (I.191) the first of his race. Murdered his father, and starved his half-brothers to death. There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: A television series based on Rajatarangini named Meeras was begun in 1986 in Doordarshan Srinagar. Traces of genuine history are also found, however, in references to the Mauryan emperors Ashoka and Jalauka; the Buddhist Kushan kings Hushka (Huviska), Jushka (Vajheska), and Kanishka (Kaniska); and Mihirakula, a Huna king. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Pratapaditya was a relative of a distant king named Vikrmaditya (II.6). Deposed by the minister Shura. The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. ). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Raman Menons translation attempts to preserve the essential characteristics of the original by adopting the Manipravalam diction. Son of Durlabhavardhana and Anangalekha. He stopped the killing of cows by means . Wife of Damodara. Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. Compared to translations in other languages, Raman Menons craft is remarkable for its lucidity and elegance. Despite these stated principles, Kalhana's work is also full of legends and inconsistencies (see Historical reliability below). all exact any . What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? Notes: Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. Omissions? Verse 13. Abstract. According to the historical evidence, Lalitaditya Muktapida ruled during the 8th century.
Son of Vajraditya II and Massa. He was said to belong to the family of an ancestor called Partha, who was described as a second Partha (an allusion to the Mahabharata hero Arjuna). Jogesh Chandra Dutt in the late 19th century. November 1941, offering Asianists a wealth of information unavailable [18][19] A welfare-state was installed oppressive taxes were abolished, and free schools and hospitals were commissioned. [citation needed], He was the next Sultan of Kashmir. Raja Ram Mohan Roy, a social and educational reformer, was an idealist who contributed immensely in eradicating social evils prevalent in the society during the 18th century.He was popularly known as "Father of Modern India". It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. Kalhana was a poet. Son of Hiranyakula. Turn on. [17], Shihabud-din was also a great administrator who governed his kingdom with firmness and justice. Sanskrit is a Indo-Aryan part of the Indo-European dialects.
Translate poyu ta from Persian to Tagalog - MyMemory The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. The Lohara family was founded by a Nara of Darvabhisara (IV.712). Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. Sultan Shihabud-din did not have a large number of soldiers to battle against the Kashgar army. [10] The Rajatarangini is a Sanskrit account of the various monarchies of Kashmir, prior to the advent of Islam. As the result of the decline in linguistic oriented approaches, Translation Studies witnessed a move towards a more descriptive and cultural direction in the 1990s. The kings of Kashmir described in the Rajatarangini are given below. According to the Mahabharata, the Kambojs ruled Kashmir during the epic period (The epic period is estimated to be roughly from 1000 to 600 BC, when some of the greatest epics such as; Ramayana and Mahabharata, came into being during this time). Belonged to a different family from Lava's dynasty (I.95), Known for constructing a canal named Suvarnamani, Great-grandson of Shakuni and son of Shachinara's first cousin. [19], Jonaraja and later Muslim chroniclers accuse Sikandar of terminating Kashmir's longstanding syncretic culture by persecuting Pandits and destroying numerous Hindu shrines; Suhabhat a Brahman neo-convert and Sikandar's Chief Counsel is particularly blamed for having instigated him. 10-year-old child of Nirjitavarman; placed on throne by the Tantrins. Its heyday was the 13th and 14th centuries, broadly the period straddling the phase of Sanskrit literature to which In 1546, after Humayun recovered Kabul, Haidar removed Nazuk Shah and struck coins in the name of the Mughal emperor. Since the battle was motive-less for the Delhi Sultanate peace concluded between them on a condition that all the territories from Sirhind to Kashmir belong to the Shah Mir empire. Another television serial based on this work has been completed by National Award winning director, Jyoti Sarup. that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonarajas Writing of Rajatarangini in the introduction to his 1935 English translation of this twelfth-century Sanskrit narrative by Kalhana, R. S. Pandit described it as a "poem of great scope, a more or less complete picture of society, in which the bloody periods of the past are delightfully relieved by delicate tales of love, by episodes of marvel Became queen after the death of all male heirs. Introduction: The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. Verse 12. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language.
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